Hertzsprung–Russell diagram - Star classification based on its brightness v/s temperature.

 Hertzsprung–Russell diagram is scatter plot based on Star's Luminosity(brightness) v/s Temperature.


Image credit-http://lcogt.net/spacebook/h-r-diagram/


1)Main Sequence Stars- They burn their hydrogen core and their position depends on their mass. See the diagonal distribution in the diagram.

2)Red & Orange Giants- They are expanding star. They are at the end or final stage of their lives.

3)Red Super Giants- Most massive star swells and becomes Super Giants as they get old.

4)White dwarfs-They are hot star with the faint core. For example when Sun like star will burn out , they would become White dwarf.


Below image show some popular Night Sky Star plotted in HR diagram.

credit-https://www.space.fm/astronomy/starsgalaxies/hrdiagram.html

To know more in detail about HR diagram visit below links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell_diagram

https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/H/Hertzsprung-Russell+Diagram


Below is translation of above text in Portuguese by Elaine (Teacher from Brazil,In São Paulo)

Diagrama de Hertzsprung-Russell - Classificação de estrelas com base em seu brilho v / s temperatura

O diagrama de Hertzsprung-Russell é um gráfico de dispersão baseado na luminosidade (brilho) v / s temperatura da estrela.
1) Estrelas da sequência principal - queimam seu núcleo de hidrogênio e sua posição depende de sua massa.  Veja a distribuição diagonal no diagrama.

 2) Gigantes Vermelho & Laranja - São estrelas em expansão.  Eles estão no fim ou estágio final de suas vidas.

 3) Super Gigantes Vermelhos- A maioria das estrelas massivas incha e se torna Super Gigante à medida que  envelhecem.

 4) Anãs brancas - são estrelas quentes com o núcleo fraco.  Por exemplo, quando o Sol como uma estrela se extinguir, eles se tornará uma anã branca.

 A imagem abaixo mostra algumas estrelas populares do céu noturno plotadas no diagrama HR.

Para saber mais detalhes sobre o diagrama de RH, visite os links abaixo.
 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzsprung%E2%80%93Russell_diagram
 
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/H/Hertzsprung-Russell+Diagram



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