Constellations Eighty-Eight

Radio telescope is used on scanning the sky or particular object of interest. The object of interest could be galaxy, supernova remnant, blackhole etc. For each point in of the sky or of a objects its signal strength is measured. Scanning & signal strength  is done at specific frequency. The output of scanning activity is table as shown below Data credit- https://www.gb.nrao.edu/epo/dsheet1.html when the signal strength (values) in above table are colored such that "0 value" will have low intensity color and "6 value" will have high intensity color  or vice versa. Or specific values are given specific color.  This will result in very interesting radio image as shown below Above image is created in excel by apply conditional formatting on the frequency signal value table To know more read the below link.  https://www.gb.nrao.edu/epo/image.html Below translation in Portuguese is done by Elaine ( Teacher from Brazil) Como foi criado o mapa de radioastronomia - ...

 Watch out latest information on  Auroras activity at the below link https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/auroral-activity.html Image Credit - Above image is snap from https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/auroral-activity.html Below translation in Portuguese is done by Elaine ( Teacher from Brazil) Painel de monitoramento da atividade auroral                                Veja as informações mais recentes sobre a atividade das Auroras no link abaixo;  https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/auroral-activity.html

 If you are interested in keeping yourself updated with below information on Sun- 1)Sun spots 2)Solar flares 3)Coronal holes 4)Coronal Mass Ejections Then refer to below website https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/solar-activity.html   Below is the sample snap of above page- [credits- https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/solar-activity.html ]  

 Below is the list of the interesting astronomy books(Below list will be continuously updated) 1) A   Brief History of Time  [ by   English physicist Stephen Hawking ] 2) Cosmos [ by Carl Sagan ] 3) Astronomy in Minutes [ by Giles Sparrow ] 4) Philip's Guide to Stars and Planets [ by Patrick Moore] Below translation in Portuguese is done by Elaine ( Teacher from Brazil) Astronomia - Abaixo está a lista dos interessantes livros de astronomia (lista abaixo será atualizado continuamente). 1) uma breve história do tempo [ pelo físico inglês Stephen Hawking ]            2) Cosmos [ por Carl Sagan ] 3)  Astronomia em minutos [ por Giles Sparrow ] 4) Guia de Philip para estrelas e planetas [ por Patrick Moore ]

 There are various distances used to measure in Space/Astronomy. They are Mile, Kilometer, AU, Light year, Parsec. Mile and Kilometer - it is used for near by objects or Moon. AU(Astronomical Unit) -it is average distance between Sun & Earth. Probably used within solar system limits. Light year -Distance travelled by light in 1 year. It is used for larger distance beyond solar system. The distance between "Proxima Centauri" (the nearest star from earth) is 4.246 light years. Parsec - it is a unit of distance equal to 3.26 light-years. Cosmic distance ladder (extragalactic distance scale) - It is a technique of several methods used by Astronomers to determine the distance of cosmological bodies beyond our own galaxy, which are not easily determined using traditional methods. Learn more from below links- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_distance_ladder#Galactic_distance_indicators https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/1230/cosmic-distances/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As...

  Credit-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum It is small constellation made up of 3 stars in Northern Sky. M33 also knowns as Triangulum galaxy is the interesting deep sky object in this constellation. It is local group galaxy with magnitude 5.8 ( could be probably seen by naked eye in very clear dark sky). Another interesting galaxy NGC 604 where new stars are formed. Learn more in detail from the below link- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulum Below translation in Portuguese is done by Elaine ( Teacher from Brazil) Constelação Triangulum  É uma pequena constelação composta por 3 estrelas no céu do norte.  M33 também conhecida como galáxia Triangulum é o interessante objeto do céu profundo nesta constelação.  É um grupo local de galáxias com magnitude 5,8 (provavelmente pode ser visto a olho nu em um céu escuro muito claro).  Outra galáxia interessante NGC 604 onde novas estrelas são formadas.  Saiba mais em detalhes no link abaixo;   h...

Standard Candle refers to astronomical object. Its Absolute Magnitude(real magnitude - if we travel to the star) is Known. They are specifically important to astronomer and researchers because - when their apparent magnitude(As visible - to us from earth) is measured- we can calculate the distance of the start using below formula m-M = 5 log d – 5 where , m refers to apparent magnitude of the object,  M refers to absolute magnitude of the object, and  d refers to distance to the object in parsecs. Important -Standard candles are used to measure those distances(very large ) of stars, which could not be measured using "Parallax Method". Popularly used standard candles in astronomy are- 1)Cepheid Variable stars 2)RR Lyrae stars 3)Type Ia supernovae (using additional methods) Learn more from the below links- https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/s/Standard+Candle http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/hatchell/rinr/candles.pdf

 They are  regular radial-pulsating stars - what does it means?- Check below 1)Change in both Size(its diameter)and temperature . 2)Changes in brightness at specific interval and amplitude. 3)Directly proportional to luminosity(brightness) and period(time). There are 4 types of Cepheid star- 1)Classical 2)Type II(2) 3)Anomalous  4)Double-mode Learn more from the below links- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/htmls/cephstars.html

Credit-https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Corona_Borealis_IAU.svg Corona Borealis lies in Northern Celestial Hemisphere constellation. It is a small constellation and looks like a crown. Interesting object are 1)Alpha coronae borealis start with 2.2 magnitude. 2)R coronae borealis is a variable star - it is yellow super giant star  with low mass. Its magnitude changes(from 6 to 15) and it intervals are not regular. It has very low hydrogen. To learn more about this constellation and its star, refer to below link. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Borealis